I’ve been thinking a lot about minority representation on television lately. I’m not quite ready to blog about it, though I’ve been collecting some articles and links and percolating my thoughts before inflicting it on all of you. Stay tuned!
As a parent of a child on the autism spectrum, though, I am always on the lookout for the way that non-verbal learning disabilities and folks on the autism spectrum get represented in popular culture, especially with the recent seeming growing awareness in the media. Oprah’s show yesterday was all about the hardships that kids with autism face in school, to name a recent highlight, but it may surprise you to hear that there are actually nearly a dozen major fictional characters on prime time that canonically are on the autism spectrum, a few more that are commonly thought to be but not confirmed, and even a couple of folks with canonical non-verbal learning disabilities. Here’s a list of the ten most notable, in no particular order.
Dr. Temperance “Bones” Brennan and Zack Addy - Bones, FOX
Bones gets points for not just being an incredibly realistic portrayal of an adult individual on the autism spectrum struggling to intellectualize the social realities that others easily intuit, she also gets points for being emblematic of the issues unique to adult high-functioning Aspie women. I would argue that Dr. Brennan is one of the most endearing and sympathetic portrayals of an adult with Asperger’s ever seen in pop culture. Though her disability is never made explicit on the show, both the actress and the show’s creator have confirmed it numerous times in interviews.
When asked if Brennan might not actually have Asperger['s] syndrome - a condition many doctors consider a form of high-functioning autism - Deschanel nodded… “I think it’s fascinating to have a character who’s brilliant in one area and clueless” in others, Deschanel said. [Source.]
Zack Addy, Bones’ brilliant but naive forensic assistant on the show, “almost definitely has Asperger’s,” Deschanel added. I enjoy watching Bones for many reasons, not the least of which is watching a show that actively involves two individuals on the autism spectrum in heroic, contributing and positive roles - as effective members of a team, no less.
Charlie Eppes - Numb3rs, CBS
Another character whose disability is never made explicit on the show, but in an online exchange on a forum which is no longer up and running, Cheryl Heuton, the show’s creator, told me directly that “if he were a real person, Charlie would probably be on the autism spectrum.” Charlie is modeled after mathematician/ physicist Richard Feynman, who is widely suspected of having had Asperger’s. Charlie’s probably the best case scenario of what a highly well-adjusted person on the autism spectrum looks like. Unlike Bones and Zack, Charlie has been very loved, very socialized, and very nurtured, and has developed a great number of effective social crutches. Much like the real-life Feynman (and fellow Aspie, author and livestock expert Temple Grandin), Charlie on the show often uses his unique perspective to shed light on situations through the lens of his specific obsession (math), so that rather than excluding him from contributing as a professional, it makes him invaluable. Probably the most positive spin on adulthood with Asperger’s on TV.
The two youngest Mackey kids - The Shield, FX
Two of the three children of Vic Mackey on The Shield have autism. They haven’t detailed too much about the children, but the portrayal of what parents of autistic children go through is top-notch. The show has depicted the often prohibitive expense and difficulty of finding appropriate, accessible services for children, the parents’ struggle of agreeing on what the best course of therapies for children the spectrum is, and the extreme stress a marriage can suffer when dealing with these issues. According to some studies, 80% of marriages end in divorce within three years after a child’s diagnosis of autism is made, and the Mackeys have been no different. The show is hard viewing and I don’t know if I’d recommend it just for its depiction of parenting autistic children, but it’s done a lot to raise awareness of what parents go through in these situations, and it is worth noting that The Shield star Michael Chiklis and his real-life family have become adamant fundraisers and spokespersons for autism awareness, in large part because of his role on the show. Awesome!
Kevin Stark - Eureka, SciFi
Kevin is an 11-year-old boy with autism and a yen for physics. He’s only appeared in a couple of episodes of this quirky show filled with eccentric left-brained types (mom and dad included) but it’s been very positive portrayal so far, with other town members searching to find new ways of communicating with him and involving him in the show’s action, and emphasizing his strengths rather than his limitations. Hopefully we’ll see more about him and his role in his crazy little community in Season 2.
Jerry Espenson - Boston Legal, ABC
A recurring character diagnosed as an adult, he’s not as much a best-case-scenario as other portrayals, but instead elucidates what the serious downsides of a lack of social intuition and low frustration tolerance can be. He’s not on much any more, but his Asperger’s has been very well-discussed on the show in an objective, unidealized way.
Adrian Monk and Monk’s Brother - Monk, USA
Adrian Monk suffers from trauma-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and whether or not OCD is on the autism spectrum is a hotly debated topic in psychiatric circles at the moment, but either way, it’s highly dubious that Adrian has just OCD. His extreme social ridigity coupled with the fact that he canonically has an autistic brother (the predisposition to autism being thought to be genetic) has led many people to speculate that he was a highly socialized Asperger’s case who had a breakdown after his wife’s death. There’s also the fact that there’s so much overlap between the diagnostic criteria for OCD and Asperger’s. Who knows.
Dr. Spencer Reid - Criminal Minds, CBS
Though I love Matthew Gray-Gubler to pieces - his web site is worth checking out, as it is truly a work of art - Reid is actually my least favorite portrayal of an individual with Asperger’s. Not only do his specialized skills start to sound more like superpowers the more the show describes them, perpetuating the myth of Rainman that having autism is like being one of the X-Men, but the show makes his disabilities and shortcomings the frequent butt of jokes. And not the indulgent, sympathetic kind, like the other characters do on Numb3rs and Bones for their respective Aspie characters. Reid’s autism is comorbid with various other mental and emotional disabilities, which isn’t uncommon, so it’s not a picture-perfect portrayal; still, Gray-Gubler does an exceptional job with the physicalities of tics, stimming and poor eye-contact/use of body language that many Aspies have.
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Honorable mentions go to: Brady Hauser, a recently introduced autistic savant on FOX’s 24, kept company at CTU by Jack Bauer’s awesome but socially awkward go-to girl Chloe O’Brian, whose autism is a foregone conclusion to many Internet fans; Matt Parkman on NBC’s Heroes, who is not at all autistic, but is severely dyslexic and learning disabled - dyslexia being commonplace among Asperger’s folks and part of a group of learning disabilities that often present together (my son, for example, has both autism and dyslexia); and Gil Grissom (CSI, CBS) and Greg House (House, FOX), both of whom have had long-running “Is he or isn’t he [autistic]?” debates on many Internet forums; Lily Montgomery on the ABC soap All My Children, the longest-running female autistic character on television; and Dr. Bob Melnikov of the long-running Canadian sci-fi series ReGenesis. I’ve never seen an episode, but apparently, his Asperger’s is an openly discussed facet of his character.
Most people are surprised to hear that autism and related non-verbal delays are so well-represented and in such a diverse number of ways on television, considering that popular culture does such a relatively poor job of including characters with physical disabilities. Five years ago, no one with dyslexia, OCD, ADHD or autism could see themselves represented on prime-time; today, five of the six major networks (boo, CW Network!) and several basic cable channels are inclusive of such characters, most of them principles. It’s not perfect, but it’s definitely progress.
I may do a similar post to this about characters with physical disabilities or limitations on prime time, but I would need your help, readers, as I’m not as sensitive to this as I am to portrayals of mental/emotional disabilities, and may leave some out, so feel free to add your own!